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Differential equations

The laws of nature, written as change.

Nature rarely tells you what a quantity is — it tells you how the quantity changes. “Cooling is proportional to temperature difference.” “Growth is proportional to population.” A differential equation is that sentence in symbols; solving it reveals the future.

The big ideas

Equations about rates

y′ = ky says: this thing grows in proportion to its size. The unknown isn't a number — it's a whole function, the curve that obeys the law.

Slope fields show the flow

Draw the slope the equation demands at every point, and solutions appear as curves following the grain — you can see the answer before solving anything.

Few solve exactly; all solve numerically

Most real equations have no tidy formula. Computers step them forward in tiny slices — the same Riemann thinking you learned in integrals, running every simulation on earth.

Out in the world

Epidemics

The SIR model — three linked differential equations — guides real public-health decisions.

Spacecraft & orbits

Missions navigate by integrating Newton's laws forward through time.

Climate & weather

Forecasts are massive systems of differential equations stepped forward on supercomputers.

The planned course

  1. 01What a differential equation saysReading rate-laws in plain English.soon
  2. 02Exponential growth & decayThe single most important equation: y′ = ky.soon
  3. 03Slope fieldsSeeing every solution at once.soon
  4. 04Separation of variablesThe first solving technique.soon
  5. 05Systems & simulationPredator–prey, epidemics, and stepping forward numerically.soon

While you wait — this connects to material that's live now